“The ability of small intestine cells to absorb nutrients and act as a barrier to pathogens is “significantly decreased” after chronic exposure to nanoparticles of titanium dioxide, a common food additive found in everything from chewing gum to bread, according to research from Binghamton University, State University of New York.”
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Zhongyuan Guo et al, Titanium dioxide nanoparticle ingestion alters nutrient absorption in an in vitro model of the small intestine, NanoImpact (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.01.002